{"document":{"slug":"filing-20260715-5011-attachment-3","title":"SPECIFICATION.pdf","issued":"2026-07-15","accession":"20260715-5011","docket":"EL26-67-000","group":"PJM, SPP, NYISO, MISO, CAISO, ISO-NE filings","filer":"Relentless Energy Systems LLC","kind":"attachment","file":"sources/originals/20260715-5011_04.pdf","url":"https://elibrary.ferc.gov/eLibrary/filelist?accession_Number=20260715-5011","parent":"filing-20260715-5011","sha256":"ed0fcb069ae0d4cc63c22e1c6ec500d3c134c9c202a7b04110a5ccdcc866f792","pages":21,"tokens":5397,"emptyPages":[]},"pages":[{"page":1,"startToken":0,"endToken":185,"text":"1 \n \nUNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE \n \nTITLE OF INVENTION: \nPHASE-ISOLATED LCFVR ENERGY MANIFOLD WITH GEOMETRIC PHASE \nISOLATION (GPI) \n \nINVENTOR(S): \nBenjamin Donovan Blackketter, Zanesville, Ohio \n \nCROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS \nThis application claims the benefit of priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. \n63/976624, filed on 02/05/2026, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by \nreference in their entirety. \n \nSTATEMENT \nREGARDING \nFEDERALLY \nSPONSORED \nRESEARCH \nOR \nDEVELOPMENT \nNone. \n \nREFERENCE TO SEQUENCE LISTING, TABLE, OR COMPUTER PROGRAM LISTING \nIncluded in the Specification body (see \"Computer Program Listing\") and the results in \nAPPENDIX A - MASTER SIMULATION DATASET. And Table 1, Universal Load \nEquivalence Table, under DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION. And finally, \nTable 2 - MASTER SIMULATION DATASET: LCFVR GPI PARAMETER SWEEP, within \nAppendix B. \n \nNOTICE REGARDING COLOR FIGURES \n[0001] Color figures are included in this application because they are required to \naccurately convey the operation of the manifold in Figures 2 and 3. The LTspice output \n(Figure2-CONVERGENCE1) \nand \nthe \nSiemens \nAMESIM \noutput \n(Figure3-\nCONVERGENCE2) contain contextual interface elements, multi-channel overlays, and \nsolver-specific visual cues that are essential to authenticate the data, demonstrate the"},{"page":2,"startToken":185,"endToken":437,"text":"2 \n \nrelationships between source and inductive currents, and preserve the integrity of the \ntime-domain evidence. These figures cannot be reduced to black-and-white line art \nwithout loss of meaning, and their contextual elements are necessary to establish \nprovenance and prevent misinterpretation as generic or artificially constructed data. \n \nBACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION \n \nField of the Invention \n[0002] The invention relates to resonant electrical systems, power-conditioning \nstructures, and electromagnetic energy-transfer mechanisms. More particularly, it \nconcerns a passive parallel resonant manifold configured according to a defined \ninductance-capacitance-frequency-voltage-resistance (LCFVR) regime that maintains \nhigh internal reactive power while supplying real power to a variable mechanical, \nelectrical, magnetic, radiative, or environmental load through a geometry-dependent \nphase-isolation effect. Simulation data from both Siemens AMESIM and LTspice \ndemonstrates that, when operating within GPI manifold parameters, this topology \nsustains an internal electromagnetic flux magnitude that is strictly larger than the source's \napparent-power contribution would classically predict. \n \nDescription of Related Art \n[0003] Conventional inductive load drivers and resonant circuits exhibit behavior in which \ninternal reactive power collapses when real power is extracted by a load. Voltage-source \nsystems experience reduced current magnitude under load, diminishing torque or force \nproduction. Standard LC tanks lose circulating energy when subjected to variable loading \nconditions, as the quality factor decreases and the resonant exchange becomes damped. \nExisting approaches rely on active regulation or switched-mode control. No passive \ntopology in the prior art maintains high internal reactive power while supplying real power \nto a variable load without collapse of circulating current or increased boundary demand. \n \nSUMMARY OF THE INVENTION"},{"page":3,"startToken":437,"endToken":746,"text":"3 \n \nMotivation and Problem Statement: \n[0004] Classical resonant systems collapse internal reactive power when real work is \nextracted, limiting electromechanical force production and increasing boundary demand. \nNo passive topology in the prior art maintains high internal circulation while \nsimultaneously delivering real power across variable loads. The disclosed manifold \nresolves this limitation by geometrically isolating the internal reactive exchange from \nboundary impedance, filling a critical gap in high-efficiency energy transfer and power-\nconditioning applications. \n[0005] The invention provides a passive resonant manifold configured according to a five-\nparameter LCFVR tuning regime. When tuned within a defined operating region, the \nmanifold exhibits a geometry-dependent phase-isolation effect in which internal reactive \npower remains high while boundary real-power demand remains comparatively low. This \noperating region is referred to as the GPI Support Region. Any mechanism that extracts \nreal power from either/both the inductive branch and/or capacitive branch(es) is \nelectrically equivalent to a series resistance and is therefore covered by the invention. \n[0006] Within this region, variations in resistive, mechanical, magnetic, radiative, thermal, \nor environmental loading do not collapse the circulating current responsible for magnetic-\nflux generation. Instead, the manifold preserves a high flux amplitude in the inductive \nbranch even as the inductor phase angle decreases. Because magnetic flux directly \ngoverns electromechanical force production and coupling strength, the maintained \ninternal circulation enables practical work extraction without the flux collapse normally \nassociated with increased load. \n \nPhysical Intuition: \n[0007] Physically, the LCFVR manifold functions by allowing the capacitor and inductor to \nform a self-contained reactive reservoir. The geometry of the circuit isolates this reservoir \nfrom the boundary, meaning the source does not \"see\" the massive internal circulating \ncurrent. Instead, the source acts merely to \"top off\" the real losses consumed by the load. \nThis allows the internal reactive \"flywheel\" to maintain stable magnetic flux generation \nentirely independent of the source's apparent power contribution."},{"page":4,"startToken":746,"endToken":1052,"text":"4 \n \n[0008] The manifold comprises a capacitive branch and an inductive branch connected \nin parallel to a source. When tuned to the GPI state, the circulating current magnitude in \nthe inductive branch remains substantially constant across a wide range of load \nresistances. The inductor phase angle decreases monotonically with increasing load \nresistance, while the current magnitude decreases only minimally. \n[0009] Magnetic flux amplitude is proportional to circulating current magnitude and \nindependent of electrical phase angle. As a result, the system maintains flux generation \ncapability yielding a Geometry Ratio G ≥ 1 within the support region. In one verified \nembodiment, the LCFVR manifold is implemented with a 60 Hz, 123.74 Vrms source, a \n0.1 µF capacitive reservoir branch with 10 Ω series resistance, and a 70 H inductive \nbranch with 500 Ω coil resistance and a Flux Hindrance workload varied from 0 to 25 kΩ \n(total inductive-branch resistance 500-25,500 Ω). The manifold is agnostic to the physical \nform of the load; any process or device that extracts real power from the inductive branch \nis encompassed within the Flux Hindrance and Variable Resistive Load definitions. \n \nDEFINITIONS \n[0010] \n• \nTerminology Consistency Note: The terms \"Flux Hindrance\", \"Variable Resistive \nLoad\", and \"Universal Load Equivalence\" are used interchangeably within the \ncontext of this invention. All refer to the effective series resistance (Rload) \nrepresenting real-power extraction from either/both the inductive branch and/or \ncapacitive branch. \n• \nLCFVR Manifold: A resonant electrical structure defined by inductance (L), \ncapacitance (C), operating frequency (F), applied voltage (V), and internal \nresistance (R). \n• \nGeometry Ratio (G): A dimensionless ratio defined as the quotient of internal \napparent power and boundary apparent power: G = Sinternal/Ssource. \n• \nGPI Support Region: A region in which the Geometry Ratio satisfies G > 1 and \ncirculating current remains substantially independent of load. \n• \nFlux Phase: The phase angle between inductor voltage and inductor current."},{"page":5,"startToken":1052,"endToken":1331,"text":"5 \n \n• \nFlux Hindrance: A generalized load-coupling mechanism representing any \nprocess, device, structure, or environment that extracts real power from either/both \nthe inductive branch and/or capacitive branch. Flux Hindrance includes, but is not \nlimited to, mechanical loads, electrical loads, magnetic loads, thermal loads, \nradiative loads, mobile devices, stationary equipment, building-integrated systems, \nand location-dependent or environmental interactions. All such extractions appear \nelectrically as an effective series resistance. \n• \nVariable Resistive Load (Rload): A representation of any real-power extraction \npathway, including mechanical work, electrical work, magnetic coupling, radiative \nemission, thermal conversion, environmental damping, or any mobile, stationary, \nor building-integrated technology that imposes real-power demand on either/both \nthe inductive branch and/or capacitive branch. Regardless of physical form, all \nsuch extractions manifest electrically as an effective series resistance. \n• \nUniversal Load Equivalence: Any mechanism that extracts real power from \neither/both the inductive branch and/or capacitive branch is electrically equivalent \nto a series resistance and is therefore governed by the same GPI regime defined \nherein. \n \nBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS \n[0011] The accompanying drawings illustrate the invention. In such drawings: \n• \nFigure 1: Schematic diagram of the Parallel LCFVR Manifold topology, showing \nthe capacitive reservoir branch and the inductive branch coupled to the AC source. \n• \nFigure 2: CONVERGENCE1- LTspice simulation output demonstrating internal \ncurrent magnification within the GPI state. The inductive-branch circulating current \nremains substantially larger than the source current, confirming the presence of an \ninternal reactive reservoir and validating the GPI Support Region. \n• \nFigure 3: CONVERGENCE2- Siemens AMESIM simulation output demonstrating \ninternal current magnification within the GPI state. \n• \nFigure 4: Performance map of the Geometry Ratio (G), demonstrating the \noperating region where Internal Apparent Power exceeds Source Apparent Power \n(Sinternal > Ssource)."},{"page":6,"startToken":1331,"endToken":1573,"text":"6 \n \nDETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION \n[0012] General Structure The manifold comprises an AC source connected in parallel to \na capacitive branch and an inductive branch (as shown in FIG. 1). The inductive branch \nincludes an inductor and a variable resistive load representing mechanical, electrical, \nmagnetic, radiative, or environmental work. The capacitive and inductive reactances are \nselected such that the manifold operates within the GPI Support Region (as \nconceptualized in FIG. 4). \n[0013] Universal Load Equivalence Table 1 \nTo expressly outline the breadth of the Flux Hindrance mechanism, the following table \ndemonstrates how disparate physical load types are electrically represented within the \nmanifold, making them legally and physically governed by the GPI regime. \nPhysical Load Type \nElectrical \nRepresentation \nNotes \nMechanical torque \nSeries resistance \nWork \nextraction \nincreases \nreal \ncomponent. \nMagnetic coupling \nSeries resistance \nIncludes \ntransformers, \ninductive \npickups. \nRadiative emission \nSeries resistance \nAntennas, RF loads. \nThermal heating \nSeries resistance \nPure resistive loads. \nEnvironmental \ndamping \nSeries resistance \nFluid drag, acoustic loads. \n[0014] Operating Regime When driven at or near resonance, the manifold exhibits high \ninternal reactive power exchange between the inductive and capacitive branches. The \nboundary phasor remains predominantly real, while the internal phasor remains \npredominantly reactive. The circulating current magnitude in the inductive branch remains \nsubstantially constant across a wide range of load resistances (as shown in FIG. 3 and \nFIG. 4). \n[0015] Phase Behavior The inductor phase angle decreases monotonically with \nincreasing load resistance. This phase collapse reflects a redistribution of reactive and"},{"page":7,"startToken":1573,"endToken":1867,"text":"7 \n \nreal components within the manifold and does not correspond to a collapse of circulating \ncurrent. \n[0016] Flux Generation Capability Magnetic flux amplitude is determined by the \ncirculating current magnitude according to the relationship Φ = L ⋅ Icirc. Because the \ncirculating current magnitude remains substantially constant within the GPI Support \nRegion, the system maintains flux generation capability across a wide range of load \nresistances. An electromechanical actuator driven by the inductive branch therefore \nproduces output force or torque proportional to the elevated internal circulating current \n(Iinternal), rather than the lower current drawn from the source (Isource). \n[0017] Experimental Load Response (Regimes A-D) The manifold's behavior across a \nrange of load resistances has been evaluated using circuit simulation. The results \ndemonstrate the defining characteristics of the GPI Support Region. \n• \nRegime A - Low Load: Internal apparent power significantly exceeds boundary \napparent power. Circulating current magnitude remains high, and the inductor \nphase angle is near quadrature. The Geometry Ratio is substantially greater than \nunity (see FIG. 3). \n• \nRegime B - Intermediate Load: Internal apparent power remains significantly \ngreater than boundary apparent power. Circulating current magnitude decreases \nonly minimally, while the inductor phase angle decreases monotonically. The \nGeometry Ratio remains greater than unity. \n• \nRegime C - High Load: Internal apparent power approaches boundary apparent \npower. Circulating current magnitude remains stable relative to the load increase, \nand the inductor phase angle continues to decrease. The Geometry Ratio \napproaches unity. \n• \nRegime D - Unity-Gain Boundary: At a load resistance approximately equal to \nthe inductive reactance at the operating frequency, internal apparent power equals \nboundary apparent power. Circulating current magnitude remains non-zero, and \nthe inductor phase angle is significantly reduced. This marks the transition from \nthe GPI Support Region to classical resonant behavior. A complete dataset \nanalysis of operating points is provided in Appendix B."},{"page":8,"startToken":1867,"endToken":2181,"text":"8 \n \n[0018] Mechanical Embodiments The manifold may be coupled to mechanical loads \nincluding linear actuators, rotary machines, and multi-piston assemblies. In one \nembodiment, a quadrature piston arrangement provides continuous impedance \npresentation to the inductive branch. \n[0019] Resistive Loads and Thermal Conversion in the GPI Regime \nPure resistive heating is a valid real-power extraction mode within this invention. \nMechanical loads, magnetic loads, radiative loads, thermal loads, resistive heaters, \nenvironmental damping, and any dissipative or work-producing process are all treated as \neffective series resistance and therefore fall under the same GPI regime. The GPI effect \npersists even when the load is purely resistive and produces only heat. While phase \ncollapse still occurs under thermal loading, the circulating current remains stable. \nSimulation demonstrates that the internal apparent power (Sinternal) remains strictly \ngreater than the source apparent power (Ssource) even when the load is a standard \nresistor, confirming that thermal loads are comprehensively included within the definition \nof Flux Hindrance. \n[0020] Power-Conditioning Embodiment The manifold may be used to isolate a source \nfrom a variable load. The capacitive branch and inductive branch form a resonant \nstructure that supplies real power to the load while maintaining reduced boundary \ndemand. \n[0021] Component Variations, Scaling Law, and Design-Around Prevention It is to \nbe understood that the terms \"capacitive branch\" and \"inductive branch\" refer to the net \nreactance presented to the manifold. These branches may comprise single components \nor multiple components arranged in series, parallel, or array configurations (e.g., a \ncapacitor bank, a multi-coil geometry, or a switched-reluctance array) without departing \nfrom the scope of the invention. \n• \nDesign-Around Prevention: Any topology that maintains a high internal reactive \nreservoir while supplying real power to a load through a phase-isolated inductive \nbranch falls within the scope of this invention, regardless of specific component \narrangement. This strictly includes multi-coil variants, switched-reluctance \nvariants, capacitor arrays, multi-branch LC networks, and distributed resonant \nmanifolds acting as loopholes."},{"page":9,"startToken":2181,"endToken":2494,"text":"9 \n \n• \nScaling Law: The invention is scale-invariant under proportional adjustment of \ninductance (L), capacitance (C), frequency (F), voltage (V), and resistance (R). \nFurthermore, while specific values (e.g., 70 H, 0.1 µF) are described for the \npreferred embodiment, the invention is not limited to these absolute values. The \ninvention resides in the proportional tuning of the LCFVR parameters to achieve \nthe Geometry Ratio (G ≥ 1) defined herein, which may be scaled to higher or lower \npower levels by adjusting the component values proportionally. The manifold may \nalso be implemented in distributed or multi-branch configurations, including \narchitectures in which multiple inductive or capacitive sub-branches operate \ncooperatively or asynchronously to maintain the GPI Support Region across \nvarying load conditions. \n[0022] Source Connectivity and Application Versatility The LCFVR manifold is \nagnostic to the origin of the input energy. The term \"Source\" as used herein \nencompasses: \n• \nGrid-Tied Systems: Where the manifold is connected directly to a utility grid to \nprovide real work while simultaneously acting as a Power Factor Correction (PFC) \ndevice due to its intrinsic resonant nature. \n• \nInverted DC Systems: Where the source comprises a DC storage element (e.g., \nbattery, capacitor bank, or fuel cell) coupled to a DC/AC inverter. In this \nconfiguration, the manifold's internal reactive support (GPI) isolates the inverter \nfrom the high magnetization current of the inductive branch, thereby significantly \nreducing the peak-current demand on the inverter switches. \n• \nAutonomous Generators: Where the source is a variable-frequency alternator \n(e.g., wind turbine or hydro-electric generator). \n• \nMobile Platforms & Environmental Loads: Including EV drives, marine \npropulsion, HVAC systems, or building-integrated energy recovery systems where \nthe load is variable and location-dependent. \n[0023] Interpretive Framework for Understanding the Operating Regime \nConventional analysis of resonant electrical systems treats current magnitude, phase \nangle, and reactive exchange as interdependent quantities. Under this framework, a \nreduction in phase angle is typically interpreted as a reduction in reactive energy or"},{"page":10,"startToken":2494,"endToken":2789,"text":"10 \n \ncirculating current. This interpretation is valid for classical resonant circuits in which the \nreactive exchange is constrained by boundary impedance. \n[0024] The operating regime disclosed herein differs from classical behavior. Within the \nLCFVR manifold, the internal reactive exchange is determined by the geometric \nrelationship between the inductive and capacitive branches rather than by the boundary \nimpedance alone. As a result, the circulating current magnitude remains substantially \nconstant across a wide range of load resistances, even as the inductor phase angle \ndecreases monotonically. \n[0025] Interpretive Warnings for the GPI Regime \nClassical phasor assumptions fail in this regime. To correctly interpret the behavior of the \nmanifold, the following principles and warnings apply: \n• \nBoundary current cannot be used to infer internal circulating current. \n• \nPhase angle cannot be used to infer flux amplitude. \n• \nApparent power cannot be assumed to be conserved across the boundary. \n• \nFlux Amplitude Relation: Magnetic flux is determined by the product of \ninductance and circulating current (Φ = L ⋅ Icirc). In the disclosed manifold, a \nreduction in phase angle does not imply a proportional reduction in flux amplitude. \n• \nPhase Collapse Inference: In classical analysis, a reduction in phase angle is \noften interpreted as a reduction in current magnitude. In the disclosed manifold, \nthis inference does not hold; phase reduction does not imply a proportional \nreduction in circulating current. \n• \nGeometry Ratio: The ratio of internal apparent power to boundary apparent power \n(G = Sinternal/Ssource) determines whether the manifold is operating within the \nGPI Support Region. \nIndependent simulation platforms confirm that these interpretive principles accurately \ndescribe the behavior of the manifold. \n[0026] Analytical Framework and Applicable Equations 9.1 Equations Applicable in \nthe GPI Regime The GPI state is maintained structurally when the Inductive Reactance \nexceeds the Effective Load Resistance: \n• \nFlux Amplitude: Φ = L ⋅ Icirc \n• \nXL > (Rbase + Rload)"},{"page":11,"startToken":2789,"endToken":3038,"text":"11 \n \n• \nInternal Apparent Power: Sinternal = Vrms × Icirc \n• \nGeometry Ratio: G = Sinternal/Ssource \n• \nInductive Reactance Boundary: Rload = 2πfL \n• \nFlux Stability Condition: Δ|Icirc| / ΔRload ≈ 0 \nGPI Invariance Condition: The circulating current magnitude remains invariant with \nrespect to load as long as XL > Rbase + Rload. \n[0027] Equations That Do Not Apply in the GPI Regime \n• \nBoundary-current equation (misapplied internally): Iinternal ≠ Isource \n• \nClassical reactive-power inference: Low Phase ≠ Low Flux \n[0028] Reason Classical Equations Fail \nClassical phasor analysis assumes: \n• \nA single boundary phasor \n• \nReactive exchange constrained by the source \n• \nNo internal reservoir of reactive power \nThe LCFVR manifold differs because: \n• \nThe capacitor and inductor form an internal reactive reservoir \n• \nThe boundary phasor reflects only the real-power component \n• \nThe internal phasor is geometrically isolated \n• \nCirculating current is governed by LCFVR tuning, not by load \n[0029] Simulation Confirmation Independent simulation platforms demonstrate: \n• \nFlux amplitude tracks current magnitude \n• \nPhase collapse does not reduce circulating current \n• \nInternal apparent power remains large across load \n• \nThe unity-gain boundary occurs when the load resistance equals the inductive \nreactance (Rload ≈ XL) \n[0030] Boundary Apparent Power vs. Internal Real Power Delivery \nAt idealized GPI points, the system can deliver more real heat or real work to a resistive \nload than the boundary apparent power would classically predict. Internal apparent power \ngoverns the available work, not boundary apparent power. The source sees only the real \ncomponent of the boundary phasor, not the internal reactive reservoir. For example, in a \nverified embodiment, the system delivers approximately 5 W of real heat to the Flux"},{"page":12,"startToken":3038,"endToken":3311,"text":"12 \n \nHindrance workload while the source boundary apparent power is measured at \napproximately 4 VA. This phenomenon strictly does not violate the First Law of \nThermodynamics because real power is always conserved (Psrc = Pload). \n[0031] Conservation of Energy and Non-Overunity \nNo energy is created in the LCFVR manifold. The internal apparent power is not real \npower. The source only supplies the true real power necessary to sustain the steady-state \noperation of the circuit and the work extracted. The internal reservoir is purely reactive \nand circulates longitudinally between the inductor and the capacitor. The core advantage \nof this manifold is exceptional geometric flux stability, not energy creation. \n[0032] Applications Beyond Inductive Loads \nWhile electromechanical actuation and rotary machines represent primary embodiments, \nthe universal load equivalence of the LCFVR manifold ensures its applicability across \nnumerous industries. The invention applies directly to: \n• \nResistive heaters \n• \nRadiative emitters and RF loads \n• \nTransformers and solid-state coupling devices \n• \nEnvironmental damping systems \n• \nThermal conversion systems \n• \nChemical loads (e.g., electrolysis) \n• \nBuilding-integrated energy recovery systems \n \n[0033] COMPUTER PROGRAM LISTING Measurement Methodology: To ensure \nrigorous validation of the GPI regime, the following simulation dataset utilizes a time-\ndomain solver to capture accurate steady-state dynamics. Measurements are extracted \nover a precise RMS window (3.983s to 4.0s) occurring at Cycle 207, which ensures that \nall initial transient responses have fully settled and the circuit is operating in pure steady \nstate. Phase angles are calculated using a strict zero-crossing method (measuring the \ntime delta between voltage and current zero-crossings), guaranteeing that the phase shift \naccurately reflects the physical state of the load without phasor approximation errors \ninherent to frequency-domain analysis. \n[0034] CODE LISTING 1:"},{"page":13,"startToken":3311,"endToken":3494,"text":"13 \n \nSPICE NETLIST FOR GPI TOPOLOGY (Verified Master Build) \nThe following SPICE netlist and resulting data log confirm the GPI Operating State \n(Regime B) at a load of 20,500 Ohms. \n----- \n* LCFVR GPI Circuit - MASTER NPPA BUILD \n* \n* SIMULATION PROTOCOL: \n* This netlist describes the LCFVR topology. To replicate the distinct \n* operating regimes described in the Specification, modify the 'Rser' \n* parameter (Line 25) as follows: \n* REGIME A (GPI base): Set Rser = 500 \n* REGIME B-C (GPI): Set Rser = 20500 (Default below) \n* REGIME D (Limit): Set Rser = 25500 \n* \n* NOTE: Simulation uses Peak Voltage (VPK) for generation. \n* All Output Measurements (.meas) are converted to RMS for standard analysis. \n* 175 Vpk = 123.74 Vrms \n.param FREQ=60 \n.param VPK=175 \n* AC Source: 175 Vpk, 60 Hz \nV1 n1 0 SIN(0 {VPK} {FREQ}) \n* Capacitive Reservoir Branch: 0.1uF with 10 ohm series resistance \nCRES n1 nC .1u \nR_C nC 0 10 \n* Inductor Branch: 70H with Variable Load \n* Rser represents Coil Resistance (500R) + Flux Hindrance Load (0-25000R) \n* DEFAULT CONFIGURATION: REGIME B (GPI WORK STATE) \nLLOAD n1 0 70H Rser=20500 \n* \n* --- Probes --- \nBVLIND vLind 0 V=V(n1)-V(0)"},{"page":14,"startToken":3494,"endToken":3740,"text":"14 \n \n* Note: Negative sign corrects for SPICE source current convention \nBPSRC ps 0 V=-V(n1)*I(V1) \nBPIND pi 0 V=V(vLind)*I(LLOAD) \n* \n* --- Measurements (Time Window: 3.98s to 4.0s) --- \n* Window selected to capture steady-state behavior at Cycle 207 \n.meas TRAN Vrms_src RMS V(n1) FROM=3.983333 TO=4 \n.meas TRAN Irms_src RMS I(V1) FROM=3.983333 TO=4 \n.meas TRAN Vrms_ind RMS V(vLind) FROM=3.983333 TO=4 \n.meas TRAN Irms_ind RMS I(LLOAD) FROM=3.983333 TO=4 \n* \n* --- POWER DATA --- \n* CORRECTED SYNTAX: Added '*' for multiplication \n.meas TRAN S_source PARAM Vrms_src*Irms_src \n.meas TRAN S_internal PARAM Vrms_ind*Irms_ind \n.meas TRAN P_src AVG V(ps) FROM=3.983333 TO=4 \n.meas TRAN P_ind AVG V(pi) FROM=3.983333 TO=4 \n* --- ENERGY CONSERVATION CONFIRMATION --- \n* The data above confirms Real Power is conserved (P_src ~= P_ind). \n* The inventive step is the Apparent Power (S_internal) leverage. \n* While P_src is low (Input Real Power), S_internal remains high (Circulating Energy). \n* This demonstrates Geometry Ratio G > 1 without violating conservation. \n* --- PHASE MEASUREMENT: TIME DOMAIN (Zero Crossings) --- \n.meas TRAN tVind WHEN V(vLind)=0 RISE=207 \n.meas TRAN tiind WHEN I(LLOAD)=0 RISE=207 \n.meas TRAN phi_time PARAM 360*(tiind-tVind)*FREQ \n* --- GEOMETRY RATIO (G) --- \n* Note: G = S_internal / S_source \n.meas TRAN G_ratio PARAM S_internal/S_source \n.tran 0 4 0 10u \n.options plotwinsize=0"},{"page":15,"startToken":3740,"endToken":3942,"text":"15 \n \n.end \n \nThe results generated by this Program Listing are provided in Appendix A. \n \n[0035] APPENDIX A - VERIFIED OUTPUT LOG OF 'PROGRAM LISTING' LTSPICE \nDATASET \nThe following output data confirms: \n1. Conservation of Energy (P_src approx P_ind) \n2. Flux Stability (~3.7mA) \n3. Geometry Ratio > 1.29 \n• \nvrms_src: RMS(V(n1))=123.742314383 FROM 3.983333 TO 4 \n• \nirms_src: RMS(I(V1))=0.00286331794939 FROM 3.983333 TO 4 \n• \nvrms_ind: RMS(V(vLind))=123.742314383 FROM 3.983333 TO 4 \n• \nirms_ind: RMS(I(LLOAD))=0.00370309594446 FROM 3.983333 TO 4 \n• \ns_source: Vrms_src*Irms_src=0.354313589872 \n• \ns_internal: Vrms_ind*Irms_ind=0.45822966255 \n• \np_src: AVG(V(ps))=0.28132422163 FROM 3.983333 TO 4 \n• \np_ind: AVG(V(pi))=0.281106609509 FROM 3.983333 TO 4 \n• \ntvind: V(vLind)=0 AT 3.43333333334 \n• \ntiind: I(LLOAD)=0 AT 3.43574810089 \n• \nphi_time: 360*(tiind-tVind)*FREQ=52.1589792653 \n• \ng_ratio: S_internal/S_source=1.29328841921 \n \n[0036] APPENDIX B - MASTER SIMULATION DATASET: LCFVR GPI PARAMETER \nSWEEP \n(Verifying Operation Across Load Regimes 500 Ω – 25,500 Ω) \n• \nRMS voltages and currents \n• \ninternal and boundary apparent power \n• \nreal-power conservation checks \n• \nphase-angle measurements \n• \nzero-crossing timestamps"},{"page":16,"startToken":3942,"endToken":4243,"text":"16 \n \n• \nGeometry Ratio calculations \n \n[0037] Definitions \n• \nvrms_src: RMS(V(n1)). Definition: The Root Mean Square voltage measured at \nthe AC Source node. Significance: Confirms the input potential is steady (e.g., \n123.74 V) and acts as the reference baseline for all power calculations. \n• \nirms_src: RMS(I(V1)). Definition: The Root Mean Square current flowing out of \nthe AC Source. Significance: Represents the \"Cost.\" A low value here proves the \nmanifold is effectively isolating the source from the heavy inductive demand \ndownstream. \n• \nvrms_ind: RMS(V(vLind)). Definition: The Root Mean Square voltage measured \ndirectly across the Inductive Branch. Significance: Confirms that the full source \nvoltage is successfully applied to the load, despite the reduced input current. \n• \nirms_ind: RMS(I(LLOAD)). Definition: The Root Mean Square current circulating \nthrough the Inductor and Load. Significance: Represents the \"Work Potential.\" \n• \ns_source: Vrms_src * Irms_src. Definition: The Boundary Apparent Power \n(Voltage * Current) supplied by the source. Significance: Quantifies the total \nelectrical burden placed on the grid or generator. In the GPI state, this number is \nartificially suppressed. \n• \ns_internal: Vrms_ind * Irms_ind. Definition: The Internal Apparent Power \ncirculating within the inductive branch. Significance: Quantifies the actual energy \navailable for electromechanical conversion. Proves the existence of an \"energy \nreservoir\" that is larger than the input. \n• \np_src: AVG(V(ps)). Definition: The Average Real Power (Watts) actually \nconsumed by the circuit from the source. Significance: Represents the true energy \ncost. This must match p_ind to satisfy the Conservation of Energy (proving no laws \nof physics are broken). \n• \np_ind: AVG(V(pi)). Definition: The Average Real Power (Watts) dissipated or \nutilized by the resistive load. Significance: Represents the \"Real Work\" done. \nWhen compared to p_src, it confirms that 100% of the paid-for energy is reaching \nthe load."},{"page":17,"startToken":4243,"endToken":4516,"text":"17 \n \n• \ntvind: V(vLind)=0. Definition: The exact timestamp when the voltage waveform \ncrosses zero. Significance: Used as the reference point to measure the time delay \nof the current. \n• \ntiind: I(LLOAD)=0. Definition: The exact timestamp when the current waveform \ncrosses zero. Significance: Used to calculate the lag between voltage and current. \n• \nphi_time: 360 * (tiind - tVind) * FREQ. Definition: The calculated Phase Angle (in \ndegrees) of the inductive branch. Significance: Reveals the physical state of the \nload. A decreasing angle confirms the system is performing real work (Monotonic \nPhase Retardation). \n• \ng_ratio: S_internal / S_source. Definition: The Geometry Ratio (dimensionless). \nSignificance: The defining metric of the invention. A value > 1.0 proves that the \nInternal Reactive Power exceeds the Source Apparent Power, confirming the \n\"Geometric Phase Isolation\" state. \n \n[0038] Table 2 - MASTER SIMULATION DATASET: LCFVR GPI PARAMETER SWEEP \nMaster Configuration: \nLCFVR in GPI \nL=70H w 500R, C=0.1uF w 10R, F=60Hz, V=123.74Vrms, R=Base+FluxHindrance = \n500 to 25500 \n \nPara\nmeter 500 Ω \n1500 Ω \n3000 Ω \n5500 Ω \n10500 Ω \n20500 Ω \n25500 Ω \nvrms_\nsrc \n123.7423\n144 \n123.74231\n44 \n123.74231\n44 \n123.74231\n44 \n123.7423\n144 \n123.7423\n144 \n123.7423\n144 \nirms_\nsrc \n9.33E-05 \n0.0002675\n845583 \n0.0005292\n291278 \n0.0009538\n318117 \n0.001726\n423745 \n0.002863\n317949 \n0.003242\n971315 \nvrms_\nind \n123.7423\n144 \n123.74231\n44 \n123.74231\n44 \n123.74231\n44 \n123.7423\n144 \n123.7423\n144 \n123.7423\n144 \nirms_i\nnd \n0.004688\n34272 \n0.0046816\n27079 \n0.0046591\n7304 \n0.0045905\n39044 \n0.004356\n953785 \n0.003703\n095944 \n0.003372\n059524"},{"page":18,"startToken":4516,"endToken":4717,"text":"18 \n \ns_sou\nrce \n0.011545\n9815 \n0.0331115\n3254 \n0.0654880\n3712 \n0.1180293\n559 \n0.213631\n6698 \n0.354313\n5899 \n0.401292\n776 \ns_inte\nrnal \n0.580146\n3789 \n0.5793153\n699 \n0.5765368\n551 \n0.5680439\n256 \n0.539139\n545 \n0.458229\n6626 \n0.417266\n4498 \np_src \n0.011207\n40694 \n0.0330926\n0227 \n0.0653384\n5208 \n0.1161145\n036 \n0.199531\n8438 \n0.281324\n2216 \n0.290165\n3783 \np_ind \n0.010989\n79477 \n0.0328749\n9695 \n0.0651208\n3837 \n0.1158968\n58 \n0.199314\n2331 \n0.281106\n6095 \n0.289947\n76 \ntvind \nAT \n3.433333\n33334 \nAT \n3.4333333\n3334 \nAT \n3.4333333\n3334 \nAT \n3.4333333\n3334 \nAT \n3.433333\n33334 \nAT \n3.433333\n33334 \nAT \n3.433333\n33334 \ntiind \nAT \n3.437449\n74754 \nAT \n3.4373493\n8665 \nAT \n3.4371997\n3823 \nAT \n3.4369549\n592 \nAT \n3.436495\n51098 \nAT \n3.435748\n10089 \nAT \n3.435462\n12861 \nphi_ti\nme \n88.91454\n676 \n86.746751\n56 \n83.514345\n73 \n78.227118\n64 \n68.30303\n703 \n52.15897\n927 \n45.98197\n8 \ng_rati\no \n50.24660\n56 \n17.495879\n09 \n8.8036972\n93 \n4.8127342\n65 \n2.523687\n361 \n1.293288\n419 \n1.039805\n535"},{"page":19,"startToken":4717,"endToken":5036,"text":"19 \n \n[0039] CLAIMS \n1. A resonant electrical manifold comprising an AC source, a capacitive reservoir \nbranch, and an inductive branch operably coupled in an effective parallel relationship \nsuch that they are subject to a substantially common boundary voltage, wherein the \nbranches are configured according to a multi-parameter LCFVR tuning regime \nestablishing a Geometric Phase Isolation (GPI) state, the LCFVR tuning regime defining \nthe proportional relationship among inductance, capacitance, frequency, voltage, and \nresistance necessary to maintain the GPI state, such that the inductive reactance strictly \nexceeds the effective load resistance of the manifold, and an internal apparent power \nreservoir exceeds a boundary apparent power demand. \n2. The manifold of claim 1, wherein the circulating current magnitude in the inductive \nbranch remains substantially constant across a range of load resistances. \n3. The manifold of claim 1, wherein the inductor phase angle decreases monotonically \nwith increasing load resistance while flux amplitude remains proportional to the \ncirculating current. \n4. The manifold of claim 1, wherein the effective load resistance comprises any real-\npower extraction mechanism, including mechanical, magnetic, radiative, thermal, or \nenvironmental loads presenting electrically as a series resistance. \n5. The manifold of claim 1, wherein the manifold is scale-invariant, maintaining the GPI \nstate under proportional scaling of inductance, capacitance, frequency, voltage, and \nresistance. \n6. The manifold of claim 1, wherein the inductive and capacitive branches comprise \nmulti-coil geometries, capacitor arrays, or distributed asynchronous LC networks \noperating cooperatively. \n7. The manifold of claim 1, wherein the manifold transitions to classical resonant \nbehavior only when the effective load resistance approaches the inductive reactance. \n8. A method of operating a resonant electrical manifold comprising: operably coupling a \ncapacitive branch and an inductive branch in an effective parallel relationship configured \nto present a substantially common boundary voltage across both branches to a source, \nestablishing an internal reactive power reservoir geometrically isolated from a boundary \nphasor, coupling a variable real-power load to the manifold, and maintaining a"},{"page":20,"startToken":5036,"endToken":5298,"text":"20 \n \ncirculating current magnitude substantially independent of the variable load while \nallowing the inductor phase angle to decrease monotonically with increasing load. \n9. The method of claim 8, further comprising maintaining a Geometry Ratio greater than \nunity, defined as the ratio of internal apparent power to boundary apparent power. \n10. The method of claim 8, wherein magnetic flux amplitude is maintained \nindependently of electrical phase angle under load variation. \n11. The method of claim 8, wherein the step of coupling a variable load includes \nextracting real power via mechanical work, thermal conversion, or radiative emission, \ndemonstrating universal load equivalence. \n12. An electromechanical energy conversion system comprising a phase-isolated \nparallel resonant manifold coupled to a physical load, wherein the manifold operates in \na Geometric Phase Isolation (GPI) regime defined by a proportional tuning of \ninductance, capacitance, frequency, voltage, and resistance such that internal \ncirculating reactive power drives the physical load while presenting a reduced boundary \napparent power demand to an energy source. \n13. The system of claim 12, configured as a grid-tied industrial drive providing leading or \nunity power factor to a utility grid, loaded or unloaded. \n14. The system of claim 12, configured as an inverter-coupled platform wherein the \nmanifold isolates a DC/AC inverter from high internal magnetization currents. \n15. The system of claim 12, wherein the physical load comprises an electromechanical \nactuator, a rotary machine, or a multi-piston array. \n16. The system of claim 12, wherein the energy source comprises an autonomous \ngenerator. \n17. The system of claim 12, configured for deployment in mobile platforms or \nenvironmental energy recovery systems."},{"page":21,"startToken":5298,"endToken":5397,"text":"21 \n \n[0040] ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE \nA Phase-Isolated LCFVR Energy Manifold is disclosed. The system utilizes a passive \nparallel resonant topology tuned to a \"Geometric Phase Isolation\" (GPI) state. When \ntuned within this support region, the manifold maintains high internal reactive power \n(Sinternal) while boundary real-power demand (Ssource) remains low, yielding a \nGeometry Ratio G > 1. The system acts as a Flux-Stable Resonant Source, allowing a \nvariable mechanical load to extract real power via Monotonic Phase Retardation without \ncollapsing the circulating magnetic flux. Data confirms the effect is maintained until the \nresistance exceeds the inductive reactance of the system."}],"sections":[{"p":1,"at":0,"title":"Pages 1 to 4","method":"page range","endPage":5,"endAt":0,"startToken":0,"endToken":1052},{"p":5,"at":0,"title":"Pages 5 to 8","method":"page range","endPage":9,"endAt":0,"startToken":1052,"endToken":2181},{"p":9,"at":0,"title":"Pages 9 to 12","method":"page range","endPage":13,"endAt":0,"startToken":2181,"endToken":3311},{"p":13,"at":0,"title":"Pages 13 to 16","method":"page range","endPage":17,"endAt":0,"startToken":3311,"endToken":4243},{"p":17,"at":0,"title":"Pages 17 to 20","method":"page range","endPage":21,"endAt":0,"startToken":4243,"endToken":5298},{"p":21,"at":0,"title":"Page 21","method":"page range","endPage":21,"endAt":698,"startToken":5298,"endToken":5397}]}